Estimated Average Glucose (eAG): The Other Number You Need to Know If you're managing diabetes, you're likely familiar with checking your blood sugar ...

Estimated Average Glucose (eAG): The Other Number You Need to Know

If you're managing diabetes, you're likely familiar with checking your blood sugar levels regularly. You probably also know about your A1C, a blood test that reflects your average blood sugar over the past two to three months. But have you heard about estimated average glucose (eAG)? The eAG provides another way to understand and interpret your blood sugar control. This article will explain what eAG is, how it's calculated, and why it's an important number to understand alongside your A1C.

What is Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)?

Estimated average glucose (eAG) is exactly what it sounds like: an estimation of your average blood glucose level based on your A1C result. While your A1C is a percentage, the eAG translates that percentage into a number that resembles your day-to-day blood glucose readings (mg/dL or mmol/L). This can make it easier to understand and relate to your blood sugar control.

Essentially, eAG takes the more abstract A1C percentage and converts it into a familiar format that you’re used to seeing on your glucose meter. It gives you a clearer picture of what your average glucose level has been over the same 2-3 month period represented by the A1C test.

How is eAG Calculated?

The eAG isn't measured directly; it's calculated from your A1C. The formula used to convert A1C to eAG is based on large population studies that have established a strong correlation between the two. While the exact formula can vary slightly depending on the lab, a common one is:

eAG (mg/dL) = (28.7 x A1C) - 46.7

For those using mmol/L:

eAG (mmol/L) = (1.59 x A1C) - 2.59

So, if your A1C is 7%, the eAG would be:

(mg/dL): (28.7 x 7) - 46.7 = 154.2 mg/dL (approximately 154 mg/dL)
(mmol/L): (1.59 x 7) - 2.59 = 8.54 mmol/L (approximately 8.5 mmol/L)

This means that your average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months has been around 154 mg/dL (or 8.5 mmol/L).

Why is eAG Important?

Understanding your eAG offers several benefits:

Easier Interpretation: Many people find it easier to understand and relate to blood sugar numbers they see on their glucose meter compared to a percentage like A1C. The eAG provides a more intuitive way to track blood sugar control.
Improved Communication: Discussing your eAG with your healthcare provider can facilitate a better understanding of your diabetes management. You can talk about your target blood sugar ranges in familiar terms.
Goal Setting: Using eAG can help you set realistic and achievable goals for managing your diabetes. If your eAG is high, you can work with your doctor to make adjustments to your diet, exercise, or medication to lower it.
Motivational Tool: Seeing your average glucose level represented as a familiar number can be motivating, helping you stick to your diabetes management plan.

What is a Normal eAG Range?

The target eAG range depends on individual factors and should be discussed with your doctor. However, general guidelines are:

For most adults with diabetes: An eAG of less than 154 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) is often the goal. This typically corresponds to an A1C of 7% or less.
For pregnant women with diabetes: Lower eAG targets are often recommended to support a healthy pregnancy.
For elderly individuals or those with certain health conditions: The target eAG may be less stringent to prevent hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Always consult your healthcare provider to determine the eAG range that is best for you.

Related reading: What If I Feel Low But My Meter Says I M Normal

Factors That Can Affect eAG

Just like A1C, several factors can influence your eAG. These include:

Individual Variability: People can have different relationships between their A1C and average glucose levels due to variations in red blood cell lifespan and other biological factors.
Anemia: Conditions like anemia can affect A1C results, potentially leading to an inaccurate eAG.
Kidney Disease: Kidney disease can also interfere with A1C accuracy.
Certain Medications: Some medications can affect blood sugar levels and consequently impact eAG.
Ethnicity: Research suggests that certain ethnic groups may have different A1C/eAG relationships.

How to Use eAG in Your Diabetes Management

Here are a few practical tips on using your eAG for effective diabetes management:

Know Your Numbers: Get your A1C checked regularly (usually every 3-6 months as recommended by your doctor) and ask for your eAG.
Track Your Blood Glucose: Regularly monitor your blood glucose levels with a meter or continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Compare your daily readings to your eAG to get a better understanding of your overall control.
Collaborate with Your Doctor: Discuss your eAG with your doctor and develop a plan to reach your target range through lifestyle changes, medication adjustments, or other interventions.
Make Informed Decisions: Use your eAG, along with your daily blood sugar readings, to make informed decisions about your diet, exercise, and medication.
Stay Consistent: Consistency is key to managing diabetes effectively. Work towards maintaining stable blood sugar levels over time to achieve and maintain a healthy eAG.

A1C vs. eAG: Understanding the Differences

While both A1C and eAG provide information about your average blood sugar levels, it’s essential to understand their differences. The following table outlines the key distinctions:

Feature	A1C	Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)
Unit of Measurement	Percentage (%)	mg/dL or mmol/L
How It's Obtained	Measured directly through a blood test	Calculated from A1C
Interpretation	Indicates the percentage of hemoglobin with glucose attached	Estimates the average blood glucose level
Accessibility	Requires a lab test	Provided by the lab when A1C is tested, can also be calculated manually
Usefulness	Provides an overview of long-term blood sugar control	Offers a more relatable and understandable way to interpret A1C results

Understanding both A1C and eAG can provide a more comprehensive understanding of your diabetes management.

Conclusion

The estimated average glucose (eAG) is a valuable tool for anyone managing diabetes. It translates your A1C percentage into a familiar blood sugar number, making it easier to understand and work towards your target glucose levels. By knowing your eAG and using it in conjunction with your daily blood sugar readings, you can take proactive steps to manage your diabetes effectively and improve your overall health. Always remember to consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best target ranges and management strategies for your individual needs. Embrace the eAG as another key metric on your journey to better diabetes control.